💼 China’s migrant workforce hits 300M. Tech sector led in green patents. Lithium mining investment rises.
Chart of the Day #555 looks at the Chinese workforce, green patents by sector and critical mineral mining investment.
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Today's Topics
💼 Workforce. China’s migrant workforce reached nearly 300M
🍃 Green Skills. Tech sector leads green patent filings
🏭 Advanced Manufacturing. Lithium mining investment has tripled
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💼 China’s migrant workforce reached nearly 300M

China’s domestic migrant workforce reached nearly 300M in 2024, supplying labour for manufacturing, construction, and logistics and supporting the country’s industrial output. This large “floating population” has historically enabled rapid industrial and urban growth in China. However, many migrant workers face limited access to public services such as healthcare and education in the cities where they work due to household registration policies. Overall, the system highlights both the economic importance of mobile labour and ongoing challenges related to migration management, labour conditions, and productivity.
🍃 Tech sector leads green patent filings

Green patent filings are led by the technology sector, which drives innovation across renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable production solutions. Advances in AI optimisation, smart sensors, digital twins, and automation are helping firms design cleaner materials, cut energy use, and monitor emissions in real time, making tech a core enabler of sustainable innovation. As industries digitise operations to meet climate targets and disclosure rules, technology driven inventions naturally generate more patentable green solutions than traditional sectors.
🏭 Lithium mining investment has tripled

Rising lithium investment reflects its role as a foundational input for advanced manufacturing, especially in batteries, semiconductors, and high performance electronics. As industries scale electric vehicles, robotics, and energy storage systems, secure lithium supply chains have become essential to sustain precision production using these critical minerals. Governments scale funding for lithium exploration, extraction, and refining capacity to secure strategic energy and technology supply chains.
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